NUTRITION (energy repair and growth)

Nutrition,The process of taking in food, digesting the food and using the digested food to get the  energy repair and growth is known as nutition.

There are two types of nutrition:

1.)       Autotrophic nutrition

2.)       Heterotrophic nutrition

Autotrophic nutrition : Those organisms which can synthesized their  food itself with the help of energy are known as autotrophic nutrition. All green plants and some bacteria are called autotrops they are also called producers.

There are two types of autotrophic  nutrition:

i)Photoautotrophic: This is a type of autotrphic nutrition which is done in the presence of light energy. Ex- plants can prepare there own food glucose by the process of photosynthesis  in the presence of light energy.  Green plants converts simple inorganic chemical like h2o and co2  into complex  organic food c6h12o6  

(glucose) in presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.

It is done in three steps –

a)            Absorption of sunlight energy by chlorophyll

b)           Converstion of light energy into  chemical  energy and break down of water by a process hydrolysis

c)            Reduction of carbon dioxide into  carbo hydrates  

 

ii)Chemoautotrophic nutrition :  This is a type of autotrophic nutrition which occurs with the help of  energy which is released during chemical  reactions  ex – iron bacteria, sulphur bacteria, ammonifying bacteria.

 

2.)         Heterotrophic nutrition:  It is a type  of nutrition   in which organisms depend upon other organisms for food to survive.

It is of following 3 types :

a)   Saprophytic nutrition : It is a mode of nutrition in which a living being  takes the food from dead and deccaying matter ex- bacteria, fungus etc.

b)  Parasitic nutrition : The type of nurition  in which a living being takes the food from  another living being.

In parasitic nutrition host is always harmed   ex human louse , cuscata( Amarbel )

c)   Holozoic nutrition: This is a type of nutrition  in which an organism takes  the solid food and the whole food.

 

 

Nutrition in human beings:-

Human beings eat different types of food in which different things present like carbohydrates, protiens, fats, vitamins and minerals. In this things the carbohydrates, protiens, fats cannot be used directly it is the complex forms so it is converted into simpler forms with the help of digestion in our body.

Nutrition in humnan beings is basically done in alimentery canal . In humans all the food is digested in alimentery cannal . It starts from mouth in mouth the carbohydrates  is  started to digest. In mouth salivary glands are present which releases saliva and in saliva salivary amaylase is present  which digest the carbohydrates  and convert it into glucose.

 

After the mouth the food goes into the oesophagus and  due to the peristaltic motion in oesophagus it goes into the  stomach and in stomach there are gastric glands which releases hcl, pepsin and mucus. Pepsin converts the protiens into ammino acids. Than the food goes to small intestine and in liver bile juices and bile salts are present bile juice makes the food alkaline(basic), bile salts breaks the larger globules into smaller onces . In pancreas tripsin and lipase is present the trypsin converts the left  protein into  ammino acids and the lipase converts the fat into fatty acids.After  this all the food is transferred in the large intestine  and remaining things are taken in it with the help of villi after this the remaining waste is removed from the anus.

After this digestion process in alimentary canal energy is released which is stored in the form of ATP in the body.

Nutrition in amoeba:-

Amoeba is a unicellular, eukaryotic and it is the member of kingdom protista. It has holozoic nutrition and it is completed in the following five stages:-

1.)         Ingestion – As the food particle approaches near amoeba a temporary structure develops from plasmalemma known as pseudophodia , it increases in size and touches with plasmalemma  at a point and the food particle is taken in and surrounded by a food vacuole which act as a temporary stomach.

2.)         Digestion – the lysosomes containing digestive enzymes fuse wih food vacuole and puts the digestive enzymes there. These digestive enzyme converts the  complex form of food materials into simple form of food.

-The digestion in amoeba is known as intracellular digestion because amoeba is a cell and the digestion is  occuring inside  the cell.

3.)  Absorption -  The movement of digested food from food vacuole to cytoplasm

4.)Assimilation – The absorbed food is utilised to get the energy to repair.

5.) Egestion – The food vacuole containing undigested foood is non matile and the amoeba is motile.

. When the amoeba moves  forward , the food vacuole  containing undigested food strikes  with rear end end and plasmalemma ruptures and the food vacuole is discharged  and plasmalemma soon gets repaired.

 

This are some examples of living organisms. That how they get nutrition. In different types of organisms there are different modes of nutrition.

 Why is nutrition necessary

 Proper nutrition is required for a good and healthy life. Proper nutrition gives a strength to the body to  resist it from diseases and viral infections  it also helps in proper functioning of body and if a person is taking a proper nutrition his body will repair fast if he has fractures and stiches.A good nutrition can only maintain by a proper diet  which includes  carbohydrates, fats, proteins,  vitamins, minerals and  fibers.

Good nutrition also maintain a healthy weight.It is necessary for proper growth of body. It reduces the risk of chronic diseases like heart diseases and cancer. It provides  energy for the different metabolic processes in the body  it is required for the growth of new cells and repair or replacement of worm out cells.It gives the energy for several works . If the nutrition of body is good the body will also has a good body shape. It helps in physical activities like fighters eat extra protein boxes for good muscles and power. It makes the brain healthy and promotes a good lifestyle it increases the iq and learning power of a brain so this why a good nutrition is necessary for a healthy body.

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