Water, the most basic need of our life

 

Water, the most basic need of our life without this water living organisms cannot stay or live on earth. It is very important for human beings also there are many works going on with water. It is used on very small scales also like for basic uses at home ex- for washing clothes, bathing, washing vegetables. It is used for cleaning also like cleaning room floors, toilets etc. This water is also used in large scale usage like it is used dams to generate electricity.

But this water is polluted day by day

*Water pollution:The addition of toxic wastes coming from factories and sewage,animal and human waste in the water is known as water pollution. There is a very small amount of drinking water present on earth the earth is made of 70 percent of water and in it only 2.5 percent of water is fresh water or drinking water and in this 2.5 percent water also only 1 percent of water is easily available and remaining part of water is trapped by glaciers and polar ice caps. And without water living organisms cannot stay like human being in human being about 70 percent of his body is made up of water.And we are making this water polluted it is done in different ways example we use soaps,shampoos and detergents etc. and this things are making the water contaminated and this contaminated water is taken from the sewage through big pipes and is added to oceans lakes etc. because of this many water animals dies. Many unwanted and harmful things are added in water which does not dissolve in water  and decrease the flow of water. In many rivers due to the stoppage of undissolvable things the water is stopped and when the water is stopped many disease causing  germs are formed in the water and this decreases the quality of water. Without water human can not do many things like bathing washing clothes and the very important thing for life food also cannot be prepared without water.

  

This we all discuss about water pollution  and now we discuss about states and sources of water basically the water is present in the rivers, ocean, in sky in the form of clouds and the most purest form of water is present in glaciers.

 Agriculture also demands a large amount of water and most of the farmers uses ground water to give water to their crops and because of this the ground water level is falling day by day. The  ground water is mainly composed of rain water.

So we can think about that how much the water is necessary for us so we can say ‘ SAVE WATER SAVE LIVING BEINGS’.

What Is ANIMAL TISSUE/ alligator /donkey / polar bear

Animal tissue- Animals moves in  search of food, mates and shelter. They requires more energy than plants and their most of tissues are living.

There are four types of animal tissues differentiated on the basis of their function –

1.)                 Epithelial tissue – It is the covering tissue or we can also say it  protective tissue present in the animal body and this tissues are known as epithelial tissues. This tissue covers many organs and cavities present in the body and it also differentiated the body systems. Some locations  of epithelial tissues present in are body, like it is present in the lining of mouth, lining of blood vessels, kidney tubules, lung alveoli it is all made up of epithelial tisues. Cells of this tissue forms a continuous sheet and it almost have no intercellular spaces.

There are four different types of epithelial tissue-

a)  Squamous epithelium- Where the transpotation of substances take place through a selectively permeable surface like in lining of blood vessels, in lung alveoli there is a simple flat kind of epithelium present known as squamous epithelium.

b)Stratified squamous epithelium- The epithelial cell of skin are arranged in many layers in a pattern of layers to prevent it from wear and tear this epithelium is known as stratified  epithelium.

c) Cuboidal epithelium- The lining of kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands cuboidal epithelium is present where it provides mechanical support.

d)Columnar epithelium- The columnar epithelium  provides a facility of movement across the epithelial barrier. The columnar epithelium also contain cilia , this are hair like projections on the outer surface of epithelial cells present in the respiratory tract.

 

2.)       Connective tissue- The cells of this tissue are loosely spaced and embedded in an intercellular matrix and this matrix can be jelly like, fluid, dense or rigid.

Different types of connective tissue are-

a) Blood- It has a fluid matrix called plasma and the plasma contains  redd blood corpuscles, white blood corpuscles and plaatelets are suspended in it.

b)Bone- It is the strong and nonflexible tissue and the bone cells are embedded ina hard matrix that is composed of calcium and phosphorus compounds.

c)  Ligament-  It is the type of connected tissue

Which connects to bones to each other and this tissue is very elastic. It contains very little matrix  also have considerable strength.

d)Tendon- It is the type connected tissue which connects muscles to bones. It is a fibrous tissue with great strength but it has limited flexibility.

e)  Cartilage- It smoothens the bone surfaces at joints and it is present  in the nose, ear, trachea and larynx also.

f)   Areolar- This connective tissue perrforms more than one function it fills the space inside the organs supports the internal organ and also helps in the repair of tissues.

g)  Adipose- This the fat storing tissue found below the skin and between internal organs.

 

3.)       Muscular tissue- It is the tissue which is responsible for the movement in our body. This tissue consists of elongated cells which are also known as muscle fibres. The movement produced by this tissue is caused contraction and relaxation of a special protien known as contractile protien.

This is of three types-

a)  Striated muscle- The muscles which show alternate dark and light band or striations when stained appropriately is called striated muscle.

b)Smooth muscle- The movement of food in the alimentary canal or the contraction and relaxation of blood vessels are controlled by smooth muscles.

c) Cardiac muscle- The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of heart throughout life is controlled by the controlled cardiac muscle.

 

Nervous tissue- The cells of this tissue are highly specialised for stimulating and the transmitting the stimulus very rapidly in the body from one place to another. Nervous tissue is present in the spinal cord, nerves and brain. The cells of this tissue are called neurons. Neuron consists of cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm and it has long hair- like parts arised.Signal that passes through the nerve fibre is known as impulse.

What Is PLANT TISSUE

Tissue, The group of cells which are similar in
structure and works together to get a particular
function is called tissue and the group of tissue
forms a organ.
Plant tissue- Plants have a large number
of supportive tissue . But Because the
plants does not show locomotion. They
requires less energy so the supportive
tissue they contain is bassically dead.
There are two types of plant tissue-
1.) Meristematic tissue
2.) Permanent tissue
1.) Meristematic tissue- The meristematic tissue
is generally known as dividing tissue. The cells
of this tissue are very active. This cells contain
dense cytoplasm they have thin cellulose
walls and also have prominent nuclei.They
lack vacuoles.
Meristematic tissue is of three types –
i) Apical meristem- It is present at the
growing tips of roots and stem and
increases the length of the stem and the
root.
ii) Cambium- The girth of the stem or root
increases due to cambium.
iii) Intercalary meristem- It is sees in some
plants located near the node.
2.) Permanent tissue- When the meristematic
lose the ability to divide it converts into
permanent tissue.
Permanent tissue is of two types-
i) Simple permanent tissue – A few layers of
cells beneath the epidermis is bassiclly
known as simple permanent tissue.The
most common simple permanent tissue is
parenchyma. A) The parenchyma contains
unspecialised cells with thin cell walls and
mostly cells are living cells. This cells are
loosely arranged because of this large
spaces are found in this tissue. This tissue
basically stores food. In some conditions
it contains chlorophyll and it hence
performs photosynthesis than it is known
as chlorenchyma and in aquatic plants
large air cavities are present in
parenchyma this type of parenchya tissue
is known as aerenchyma.
b) Collenchyma – The flexibility of plants is
due to collenchya. Due to this the plants
can bend from various part like tendrils and
stems. This tissue also provides mechanical
support to the plant. This tissue can be
found in leafs stalks below the epidermis.
This tissue contains living cells and at the
corners this are elongated and are
irregularly thickened. This does not have
large spaces between them they have very
small spaces between them.
c) Sclerenchyma - This tissue is responsible
for the hardness and stiffness of plant. An
ex is the husk of coconut it is made up of
sclerenchymatous tissue. This tissue
generally contains dead cells and they are
long and narrow as the walls are thickened
due to lignin. The cells does not have any
space.
ii) Complex permanenet tissue- The complex
tissue is made up of more than one type of
cells. All these cells coordinate to perform a
common function. The examples of the
complex tissue is xylem and phloem.These
both tissue are conducting tissues.
a) Xylem- It consists of tracheids, vessels,
xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres. In this
trachieds and vessels have thick walls and
many are dead cells when they mature.
Trachieds and vessels are tubular
structures. This feature allow them to
transport water and minerals vertically. The
parenchyma stores food. Xylem fibres are
mainly suppotive in functions.
b) Phloem- This tissue is made up of five
types of cells sieve cells, sieve tubes,
companion cells phloem fibres, phloem
parenchyma. In this sieve tubes are tubular
cells with perforated walls. Phloem
transports food from leaves to other parts
of the plant. Except phloem fibres, other
x
phloem cells are living cells.

What Is Electricity/USES OF ELECTRICITY

Electricity, It  is a form of energy formed from the existence of charged particles (like electrons and protons). Electricity plays an important role  in this modern life style. In this time a person cannot leave without electricity. It is required for all  basic purposes  in daily life.

Uses of electricity or electric current

Electricity  is a very important and useful  form of energy it is used to run  almost all he appliances of home. It is used for fan, ac cooolers, freezer and many more things.All the modern technology cannot run without electricity like laptop, mobile etc. It is used in large scale industries to run big machines.     

Now the question arives that what is electric current , The flow of electrical energy  or electricity is known as electric current. It is measured in amperes and it basically flows from wires known as conductor. Any thing which allow the current to flow from it is known as contuctor.  There is a reverse of it also which works opposite of conductor known as insulator, the materials which does not allow the current to flow from it is known a insulator.

Use of  insulator and conductors

Conductors are basically used to transport the current from one place to another place.  It is used in homes to provide current to all electrical appliances present in the home.

All the conductors are having some resistance.

Resistance, the tandency to oppose the current is known as resistance. A conductor having some appreciable resistance is known as  resistor. A resistor is also used in homes to prevent the lose of electricity and  making the risk of shock less.

HOW THE ELECTRICITY FORM

Electricity is formed in many places by various methods some of them are like in power stations they converts fuels into electricity.

 

59% of  electricity is formed from   Coal  in various power stations.

The process used in power stations is they burns the coal and gas to make the water heat  and when the water is heated it changes into steam. The steam formed is compressed  into a very high pressure and this high pressure steam hits the turbine and rotate it. By the rotation of turbine the generator produce electricity.

17% of electricity is generated from hydro electric power stations

In this the eletricity is produced with the help of water and big dams. It is the developed process to generate the electricity. It was very  developed from the time when it is made.

It is produced when the fast flowing water is relesed  on the turbine shaft to rotate it and the turbine contain the dynamo and when the turbine rotates from the power of fast flowing water  the dynamo also rotates mechanical energy is converted into electricity and hence the eletricity is formed.

 

By thermo electric generator :

In this phenomena the heat energy is directly converted into electrical energy by the use of thermo electric generator. But it is high coastly  and less efficient. It works as a heat engines. It does not contains any moving parts.This thermoelectric power plant can be used in big dams where the heat produced are wasting can be converted into electrical energy by the thermo electric  generator.

So we have discuss that how electricity is generated and the uses of it from that we have noticed that the electricity is very important for daily life so we should save it. Electricity can be saved in many ways some of them are-

i)We should always keep any electrical gadget or electrical appliances unplug because they can consume the electricity when we cut the connection also or turn off the switch of that gadget or appliance than also it consumes electricity so always keep the electrical appliances unplug.

ii)Use less voltage  comsuming appliances USES OF ELECTRICITY 

All the appliances bassically works on electricity like in home  all apliances works at a fix energy.

Ex – Tubelight,  it requires 36 watts electricity at a constant rate to operate there are many varities in it  like some LED lights operate at 9, 21 watts etc.

Fan – It operates at between 60 to 70 watts electricity  at a constant rate.

Fridge – It is a very heavy power consuming device  like a 160 to 180 litre fridge will take around 200 watts  electricity to start.

Laptop – It is the most useful device in  this modern lifestyle. It mainy takes 50 watts to operate.

Tv – Different types of tv has their different electricity usage rate. Like I am talking about a 45 inch tv it will take around  70 watts electrcity to operate.

Geyser – The standard power at which a geyser works is 1ooo watts

Micrwave oven – The power at which any mivrowave or oven operate is 1500 watts.

So I have given some examples of electrical appliances and the power at which they operateand all ex that I have taken is used  in our daily life so from this we can understand that electricity plays an very important role in this modern lifestyle.

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पोषण (ऊर्जा मरम्मत और विकास) NUTRITION (energy repair and growth)

पोषण, भोजन में लेने की प्रक्रिया, भोजन को पचाने और पचाने वाले भोजन का उपयोग करके ऊर्जा की मरम्मत और वृद्धि को पोषण के रूप में जाना जाता है।

पोषण दो प्रकार के होते हैं:

1.) ऑटोट्रॉफ़िक पोषण

2.) हेटरोट्रॉफ़िक पोषण

ऑटोट्रॉफिक पोषण: वे जीव जो ऊर्जा की मदद से अपने भोजन को स्वयं संश्लेषित कर सकते हैं, उन्हें ऑटोट्रॉफ़िक पोषण के रूप में जाना जाता है। सभी हरे पौधों और कुछ जीवाणुओं को ऑटोट्रॉप्स कहा जाता है, जिन्हें वे निर्माता भी कहते हैं।

ऑटोट्रॉफ़िक पोषण के दो प्रकार हैं:

i) फोटोटोट्रॉफ़िक: यह एक प्रकार का ऑटोट्रॉफ़िक पोषण है जो प्रकाश ऊर्जा की उपस्थिति में किया जाता है। पूर्व- पौधे प्रकाश ऊर्जा की उपस्थिति में प्रकाश संश्लेषण की प्रक्रिया द्वारा स्वयं का भोजन ग्लूकोज तैयार कर सकते हैं। हरे पौधे सरल अकार्बनिक रसायन जैसे h2o और co2 को जटिल कार्बनिक भोजन c6h12o6 में परिवर्तित करते हैं

(ग्लूकोज) सूर्य के प्रकाश और क्लोरोफिल की उपस्थिति में।

यह तीन चरणों में किया जाता है -

क) क्लोरोफिल द्वारा सूर्य के प्रकाश ऊर्जा का अवशोषण

b) प्रकाश ऊर्जा का रासायनिक ऊर्जा में रूपांतरण और एक प्रक्रिया हाइड्रोलिसिस द्वारा पानी का टूटना

ग) कार्बो हाइड्रेट्स में कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड की कमी

 

ii) चेमोआटोट्रॉफ़िक पोषण: यह एक प्रकार का ऑटोट्रॉफ़िक पोषण है, जो ऊर्जा की मदद से होता है, जो रासायनिक प्रतिक्रियाओं के दौरान जारी होता है - लौह बैक्टीरिया, सल्फर बैक्टीरिया, अमोनाइजिंग बैक्टीरिया।

 

2.) हेटरोट्रॉफ़िक पोषण: यह एक प्रकार का पोषण है जिसमें जीव जीवित रहने के लिए भोजन के लिए अन्य जीवों पर निर्भर होते हैं।

यह 3 प्रकारों में से एक है:

a) सैप्रोफाइटिक न्यूट्रीशन: यह पोषण का एक तरीका है जिसमें एक जीवित मृत और सड़ने वाले पदार्थ पूर्व बैक्टीरिया, फंगस आदि से भोजन ग्रहण करता है।

b) परजीवी पोषण: एक प्रकार की नर्सरी जिसमें एक जीव दूसरे जीव से भोजन लेता है।

परजीवी पोषण में मेजबान को हमेशा पूर्व मानव जूँ, नुकीला (अमरबेल) को नुकसान पहुंचाया जाता है

ग) होलोजोइक पोषण: यह एक प्रकार का पोषण है जिसमें एक जीव ठोस भोजन और संपूर्ण भोजन लेता है।

 

 

मानव में पोषण: -

मनुष्य विभिन्न प्रकार के भोजन खाते हैं जिसमें विभिन्न चीजें जैसे कार्बोहाइड्रेट, प्रोटीन्स, वसा, विटामिन और खनिज मौजूद होते हैं। इस चीज़ों में कार्बोहाइड्रेट, प्रोटीन्स, वसा का सीधे उपयोग नहीं किया जा सकता है यह जटिल रूप है इसलिए यह हमारे शरीर में पाचन की सहायता से सरल रूपों में परिवर्तित हो जाता है।

मानव जाति में पोषण मूल रूप से एलिमेंटरी कैनाल में किया जाता है। मनुष्यों में सभी भोजन एलिमेंट्री कैनाल में पच जाते हैं। यह मुंह से शुरू होता है कार्बोहाइड्रेट को पचाने के लिए शुरू किया जाता है। मुंह में लार ग्रंथियां मौजूद होती हैं जो लार छोड़ती हैं और लार में लार में मौजूद अमाइलेज मौजूद होता है जो कार्बोहाइड्रेट को पचाता है और इसे ग्लूकोज में बदल देता है।

 

मुंह के बाद भोजन अन्नप्रणाली में चला जाता है और अन्नप्रणाली में पेरिस्टाल्टिक गति के कारण यह पेट में जाता है और पेट में गैस्ट्रिक ग्रंथियां होती हैं जो एचसीएल, पेप्सिन और बलगम को छोड़ती हैं। पेप्सिन प्रोटीन्स को अमीनो एसिड में परिवर्तित करता है। भोजन से छोटी आंत में जाता है और यकृत पित्त रस में और पित्त लवण मौजूद होते हैं पित्त रस भोजन को क्षारीय (मूल) बनाता है, पित्त लवण बड़े ग्लोब्यूल्स को छोटे प्याज में तोड़ देता है। अग्न्याशय ट्राइसेप्सिन और लाइपेस में मौजूद होता है, ट्रिप्सिन लेफ्ट प्रोटीन को अमीनो एसिड में परिवर्तित कर देता है और लाइपेज वसा को फैटी एसिड में परिवर्तित कर देता है। इसके बाद सभी भोजन को बड़ी आंत में स्थानांतरित कर दिया जाता है और शेष चीजों को विली की मदद से लिया जाता है। यह शेष अपशिष्ट गुदा से निकाल दिया जाता है।

इसके बाद एलिमेंटरी कैनाल एनर्जी में पाचन प्रक्रिया जारी होती है जो शरीर में एटीपी के रूप में जमा होती है।

अमीबा में पोषण: -

अमीबा एक एककोशिकीय, यूकेरियोटिक है और यह राज्य प्रोटिस्टा का सदस्य है। इसमें होलोजोइक पोषण होता है और यह निम्नलिखित पांच चरणों में पूरा होता है: -

1.) अंतर्ग्रहण - जैसा कि भोजन के कण अमीबा के पास पहुंचते हैं, एक अस्थायी संरचना प्लास्माल्म्मा से विकसित होती है जिसे स्यूडोफोडिया के रूप में जाना जाता है, यह आकार में बढ़ जाता है और एक बिंदु पर प्लास्मलएम्मा से छूता है और भोजन के कण को ​​ले जाया जाता है और भोजन के रिक्त स्थान से घिरा होता है जो एक के रूप में कार्य करता है अस्थायी पेट।

2.) पाचन - पाचन एंजाइमों वाले लाइसोसोम्स विह भोजन को खाली करते हैं और पाचन एंजाइमों को वहां डालते हैं। ये पाचन एंजाइम खाद्य पदार्थों के जटिल रूप को भोजन के सरल रूप में परिवर्तित करते हैं।

-अमीबा में पाचन को इंट्रासेल्युलर पाचन के रूप में जाना जाता है क्योंकि अमीबा एक कोशिका है और पाचन कोशिका के अंदर होता है।

3.) अवशोषण - भोजन से पचे हुए भोजन के आंदोलन से साइटोप्लाज्म

4.) एसिमिलेशन - अवशोषित भोजन को मरम्मत के लिए ऊर्जा प्राप्त करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है।

५.) घमौरियाँ - अधपका हुआ फुड युक्त खाना नॉन मैटिक है और अमीबा मोटाइल है।

। जब अमीबा आगे बढ़ता है, तो भोजन के खाली हिस्से में अनिर्दिष्ट भोजन होता है, जिसमें पीछे के सिरे होते हैं और प्लास्समेलामा फट जाता है और भोजन के खाली हिस्से को छुट्टी दे दी जाती है और प्लास्माल्मा जल्द ही ठीक हो जाता है।

यह जीवों के कुछ उदाहरण हैं। कि उन्हें पोषण कैसे मिलता है। विभिन्न प्रकार के जीवों में पोषण के विभिन्न तरीके होते हैं।

 पोषण क्यों आवश्यक है

 अच्छे और स्वस्थ जीवन के लिए उचित पोषण की आवश्यकता होती है। उचित पोषण शरीर को रोगों से बचाने के लिए एक ताकत देता है और वायरल संक्रमण यह शरीर के समुचित कार्य में भी मदद करता है और यदि कोई व्यक्ति उचित पोषण ले रहा है तो उसके शरीर में तेजी से मरम्मत होगी यदि उसके फ्रैक्चर और स्टिच हैं। अच्छा पोषण केवल उचित आहार द्वारा बनाए रखें जिसमें कार्बोहाइड्रेट, वसा, प्रोटीन, विटामिन, खनिज और फाइबर शामिल हैं।

अच्छा पोषण भी स्वस्थ वजन बनाए रखता है। यह शरीर के उचित विकास के लिए आवश्यक है। यह हृदय रोगों और कैंसर जैसी पुरानी बीमारियों के जोखिम को कम करता है। यह शरीर में विभिन्न चयापचय प्रक्रियाओं के लिए ऊर्जा प्रदान करता है जो नई कोशिकाओं के विकास और कृमि आउट कोशिकाओं की मरम्मत या प्रतिस्थापन के लिए आवश्यक है। यह कई कार्यों के लिए ऊर्जा देता है। यदि शरीर का पोषण अच्छा है तो शरीर का शरीर भी अच्छा होगा। यह शारीरिक गतिविधियों में मदद करता है जैसे कि सेनानियों ने अच्छी मांसपेशियों और शक्ति के लिए अतिरिक्त प्रोटीन बक्से खाए। यह मस्तिष्क को स्वस्थ बनाता है और एक अच्छी जीवन शैली को बढ़ावा देता है जो मस्तिष्क के iq और सीखने की शक्ति को बढ़ाता है इसलिए स्वस्थ शरीर के लिए एक अच्छा पोषण आवश्यक है।

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NUTRITION (energy repair and growth)

Nutrition,The process of taking in food, digesting the food and using the digested food to get the  energy repair and growth is known as nutition.

There are two types of nutrition:

1.)       Autotrophic nutrition

2.)       Heterotrophic nutrition

Autotrophic nutrition : Those organisms which can synthesized their  food itself with the help of energy are known as autotrophic nutrition. All green plants and some bacteria are called autotrops they are also called producers.

There are two types of autotrophic  nutrition:

i)Photoautotrophic: This is a type of autotrphic nutrition which is done in the presence of light energy. Ex- plants can prepare there own food glucose by the process of photosynthesis  in the presence of light energy.  Green plants converts simple inorganic chemical like h2o and co2  into complex  organic food c6h12o6  

(glucose) in presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.

It is done in three steps –

a)            Absorption of sunlight energy by chlorophyll

b)           Converstion of light energy into  chemical  energy and break down of water by a process hydrolysis

c)            Reduction of carbon dioxide into  carbo hydrates  

 

ii)Chemoautotrophic nutrition :  This is a type of autotrophic nutrition which occurs with the help of  energy which is released during chemical  reactions  ex – iron bacteria, sulphur bacteria, ammonifying bacteria.

 

2.)         Heterotrophic nutrition:  It is a type  of nutrition   in which organisms depend upon other organisms for food to survive.

It is of following 3 types :

a)   Saprophytic nutrition : It is a mode of nutrition in which a living being  takes the food from dead and deccaying matter ex- bacteria, fungus etc.

b)  Parasitic nutrition : The type of nurition  in which a living being takes the food from  another living being.

In parasitic nutrition host is always harmed   ex human louse , cuscata( Amarbel )

c)   Holozoic nutrition: This is a type of nutrition  in which an organism takes  the solid food and the whole food.

 

 

Nutrition in human beings:-

Human beings eat different types of food in which different things present like carbohydrates, protiens, fats, vitamins and minerals. In this things the carbohydrates, protiens, fats cannot be used directly it is the complex forms so it is converted into simpler forms with the help of digestion in our body.

Nutrition in humnan beings is basically done in alimentery canal . In humans all the food is digested in alimentery cannal . It starts from mouth in mouth the carbohydrates  is  started to digest. In mouth salivary glands are present which releases saliva and in saliva salivary amaylase is present  which digest the carbohydrates  and convert it into glucose.

 

After the mouth the food goes into the oesophagus and  due to the peristaltic motion in oesophagus it goes into the  stomach and in stomach there are gastric glands which releases hcl, pepsin and mucus. Pepsin converts the protiens into ammino acids. Than the food goes to small intestine and in liver bile juices and bile salts are present bile juice makes the food alkaline(basic), bile salts breaks the larger globules into smaller onces . In pancreas tripsin and lipase is present the trypsin converts the left  protein into  ammino acids and the lipase converts the fat into fatty acids.After  this all the food is transferred in the large intestine  and remaining things are taken in it with the help of villi after this the remaining waste is removed from the anus.

After this digestion process in alimentary canal energy is released which is stored in the form of ATP in the body.

Nutrition in amoeba:-

Amoeba is a unicellular, eukaryotic and it is the member of kingdom protista. It has holozoic nutrition and it is completed in the following five stages:-

1.)         Ingestion – As the food particle approaches near amoeba a temporary structure develops from plasmalemma known as pseudophodia , it increases in size and touches with plasmalemma  at a point and the food particle is taken in and surrounded by a food vacuole which act as a temporary stomach.

2.)         Digestion – the lysosomes containing digestive enzymes fuse wih food vacuole and puts the digestive enzymes there. These digestive enzyme converts the  complex form of food materials into simple form of food.

-The digestion in amoeba is known as intracellular digestion because amoeba is a cell and the digestion is  occuring inside  the cell.

3.)  Absorption -  The movement of digested food from food vacuole to cytoplasm

4.)Assimilation – The absorbed food is utilised to get the energy to repair.

5.) Egestion – The food vacuole containing undigested foood is non matile and the amoeba is motile.

. When the amoeba moves  forward , the food vacuole  containing undigested food strikes  with rear end end and plasmalemma ruptures and the food vacuole is discharged  and plasmalemma soon gets repaired.

 

This are some examples of living organisms. That how they get nutrition. In different types of organisms there are different modes of nutrition.

 Why is nutrition necessary

 Proper nutrition is required for a good and healthy life. Proper nutrition gives a strength to the body to  resist it from diseases and viral infections  it also helps in proper functioning of body and if a person is taking a proper nutrition his body will repair fast if he has fractures and stiches.A good nutrition can only maintain by a proper diet  which includes  carbohydrates, fats, proteins,  vitamins, minerals and  fibers.

Good nutrition also maintain a healthy weight.It is necessary for proper growth of body. It reduces the risk of chronic diseases like heart diseases and cancer. It provides  energy for the different metabolic processes in the body  it is required for the growth of new cells and repair or replacement of worm out cells.It gives the energy for several works . If the nutrition of body is good the body will also has a good body shape. It helps in physical activities like fighters eat extra protein boxes for good muscles and power. It makes the brain healthy and promotes a good lifestyle it increases the iq and learning power of a brain so this why a good nutrition is necessary for a healthy body.

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